As banking, bills, bookings and government services move online, older Australians face a growing challenge to stay connected and independent.
Everyday tasks are becoming a digital obstacle course for many, with passwords, security codes, app updates and scam warnings adding complexity to services they once accessed in person or over the phone.
From banking and paying bills to booking appointments and accessing government services, the shift online offers convenience for those comfortable with technology. For others, it can bring anxiety, frustration and a fear of being left behind.
There is a name for that experience: technostress.
Research from the University of Auckland involving people aged over 65 found technology could be a double-edged sword, helping people maintain independence and connection while also creating stress and exclusion.
Video calls can bring distant grandchildren into the lounge room, shopping can be completed from home and online services can save a trip to a bank or government office. But those benefits depend on having the equipment, skills and confidence to use them.
Researchers found even participants who considered themselves reasonably comfortable with technology struggled to keep pace with constant digital change.
An update could alter a familiar layout or process, leaving users to learn again how to complete a task they had previously mastered.
Concerns about scams added to the pressure.
Warnings about suspicious texts, fake emails and criminals impersonating banks, government agencies or family members could leave older people fearful of engaging online.
Accessibility was another hurdle, with some participants reporting eye strain.
Many also blamed themselves when they struggled, despite believing digital products were rarely designed with older users in mind.
